experiment

ABSTRACTTab/experiment The objective of this experiment was to examine the electrophoretic behavior of hemoglobin from a normal person and from a person who has the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell disease is an inherited autosomal recessive gene. If the person has the inherited gene for sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S) from only one parent, then they are heterozygous and carry the trait. When the gene for hemoglobin S is inherited from both parents, the individual is homozygous and has a severe case of anemia. Electrophoresis is used in clinical laboratories to detect abnormal hemoglobins. Normal hemoglobin A had a strong negative charge therefore moved faster. Variant hemoglobin S had a weak negative charge resulting in slow movement.INTRODUCTIONRed blood cells (erythrocytes) carry the globular protein hemoglobin in the circulation. This protein transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissue. The structure of hemoglobin has changed by mutations among human population.A single amino acid change causes hem oglobin to fo...One out of 100 people have a mutant hemoglobin gene and they have abnormal hemoglobin in their blood. Usually harmless, mutations involve the substitution of one amino acid for another; however, some mutations may cause serious diseases such as sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin S is the most common and serious abnormal hemoglobin. In this mutation, a single glutamic acid residue on the Beta-chains is replaced by valine. This single change in the primary sequence causes a marked change in net charge and conformation of the protein. When hemoglobin S is deoxygenated, it crystallizes in the red blood cells and this leads to a distortion of the red cells into a sickle shape. These abnormal cells are then destroyed rapidly in the body which leads to a reduced number of erythrocytes; hence the term, sickle cell anemia.Hemoglobin S is thought to have originated in Africa among the Black population. It...

Identifying Adjective Clauses Exercise

Identifying Adjective Clauses Exercise Instructions for the Exercise in Identifying Adjective Clauses Only some of the sentences below contain adjective clauses  (also called relative clauses). See if you can pick out the adjective clauses, and then compare your responses with the answers below. Identify the Adjective Clauses I bought a car from Merdine, and it turned out to be a lemon.The car that I bought from Merdine turned out to be a lemon.Pandora, who had recently celebrated a birthday, opened the box of gifts.Lila, who has been the fire warden for 30 years, lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and cats.Lila, who lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and cats, has been the fire warden for 30 years.People who smoke cigarettes should be considerate of nonsmokers.Jacob, who smokes cigarettes, is considerate of nonsmokers.Mr. Mann has small, dark eyes, which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses.My wedding ring is worth at least ten dollars, and now I have lost it.I have lost my wedding ring, which is worth at least ten dollars. Answers (no adjective clause)that I bought from  Merdinewho had recently celebrated a birthdaywho has been the town fire warden for nearly 30 yearswho lives in a trailer with some scrappy dogs and catswho smoke cigarettes  which peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses(no adjective clause)which is worth at least ten dollars

Leadership as Learned from Those Throughout History Essay

Leadership as Learned from Those Throughout History - Essay Example As the paper stresses there is the need to have a sense of courage toward understanding and to relate to the different components that are within the military. To do this, according to Kant, there has to be a sense of maturity to reach the enlightenment, as well as a sense of purpose behind what is occurring. The idea of leadership, in this sense, is to become enlightened enough to be defined as a guardian of others. â€Å"Such guardians, once they have themselves thrown off the yoke of immaturity, will disseminate the spirit of rational respect for personal value and for the duty of all men to think for themselves†. According to the study findings once one is able to develop a sense of personal enlightenment, then other characteristics can be developed which will help with leadership. To understand my certain place within the Navy as well as how to bring out a different sense of community that is used for the betterment of others is also the need to have an understanding of vision toward what has to happen within the community. Having strength, understanding what needs to be done, and focusing on the mission of what is occurring is essential to the true role of leadership. For instance, in Gary Wills presentation of George Washington and the making of the nation, the focus of leadership is on the personal attributes of Washington. To be a true leader, the personal development of these qualities becomes essential to the positive development within a community.

Response paper about an article called ''Cuba Revolutionary Essay

Response paper about an article called ''Cuba Revolutionary Projections - Essay Example its socio-political transformation that had witnessed changing social structure of Cuba along with changing international alliances with withdrawal of American influences, including Hollywood films and emergence of socialistic culture and its coalition with Soviet Union etc. Consequently, films became the major platform to showcase transforming picture Cuba and an important way to influence the taste and preferences of people of Cuba who had become addicted to Hollywood films. ICAIC had contributed to the creative evolution of Cuban cinema despite its limited resources. It had not only helped make permanent record of the Cuban revolution but also encouraged Cuban artists and filmmakers to experiment and exploit media. In 1962, Mobile cinema had reached communities who had previously no access to films and their undiluted enthusiasm was captured in Octavio Cortazar’s short film, Por Primera vez. Eminent filmmakers had made their mark in the decade with highly creative films that had showcased the theme of revolution in bourgeois setting. Thus, films like Death of a Bureaucrat (Garcia Espinoza), Memories of the Underdevelopent, 1968 (Tomas Gutierrez Alea), Lucla (Humberto Solaz), The First machete Charge (Octavio Gomez), NOW, Hanoi Tuesday 13th, Seventy Nine Springs etc. by Santiago Alvarez etc. had brought Cuban films into the center stage of International film arena. (words:

Archetype of Ulysses in the Odyssey :: essays research papers

We have read an adventurous story called The Odyssey. It was about a hero named Ulysses who goes through many conflicts to get home. He has faced monsters to beautiful women, but he still got home. Ulysses fits the model of an archetype. There are three ways he fits into the model. One way that Ulysses fits into the model of an archetype is that he has a supernatural power. An archetype means an original pattern. Ullyses has the abilities of strength. He is also very clever. Ulysses has alot of strength because he can bend the bow to connect it but no one else could. He had also liffted his men onto his ship two by two. He is also very clever because he outwitted many of the monsters he faced. For example, when Ulysses faced the cyclops Polyphemus he planned to blind his one eye. It was really clever when Ulysses and his men hid under the sheeps. Another way that Ulysses fits the model of an archetype is that he has flaws.In other words he is not perfect.If he was perfect he would be boring and it wouldn"t be interesting if he does the amazingest thing.It wouldn"t be interesting because you would already expect that from someone who is perfect.One of Ulysses flaw is that he is greedy. In the beginning of the story when Ulysses won the war between Troy he had taken all the treasures. He had taken so many there ship barely had room for food. Then when they went to more places he got greedy and took more treasures now leaving no room for food.That is why Ulysses and his men went hungry. He is also a little stubborn because when he saw his men eating the cattle that was forbidden to eat he had gotten all mad but, when his men convinced him he ate. The third reason why Ulysses fits the model of an archetype is because he had someone supernatural help him. The supernatural someone was Athena who helped Ulysses and helped him make important decisions . Athena is the godess of wisdom and it wasn't a coincidence that Ulysses was also clever.

Origin of African American Vernacular English Essay

African American Vernacular English is a form of American English which is used by mostly African American. It was originally known as the Black English. In non academic circles it is referred as Ebonics. This form of English shares a common pronunciation with the South American English which is mostly spoken by the African Americans and other non African American living in United States of America. African American vernacular English is a variation of English which has some unique characteristics which are not shared by any other variant of English. The language has several similar vocabularies with other forms of English that are spoken in America including the Standard English. ( Allyene, M 56 1980) It is almost hard to estimate the number of people who use this dialect. Scholars have put forward that there are people who may be using the AAVE pronunciation and vocabulary but they do not use the grammatical characteristics of the dialect. There are others who may only be using only a typical aspect of the variant. For along time linguists have been using the term African American vernacular English to refer to all those variants which portray particular grammatical characteristics such as copula removal, omitting of letter- s in third person or generally double negation. These features do happen in a variable manner, this means that the Standard English has been altered in one way or another. This point makes it hard to specifically state the number of people who speak this language. The variation experienced in this dialect has been argued to portray the intricate collective attitudes that revolve around the AAVE. This may be one of the reasons why it had attracted the type of interest from various sociolinguists and also the focus it has generated from the general public. (Allyene, M 87 1980) There have been arguments that the African American English may have contributed some words that are used in Standard English. There are regional variations as far as this form of language is concerned; this variation is described as little by linguists. Proponents of Creole hypothesis argue that this form of American English has some of similarity with the languages that are spoken in West Africa. (Winford, D 234 2000) There have been suggestions that African American vernacular English (AAVE) is an African language. The origin of the AAVE remains a controversial issue where scholars have never agreed on the various aspects concerning this dialect. Debate over the origin and development of the language has been alive and the scholars argue that the history of the speakers of this form of English make it a unique and special case. There have been two main hypotheses which have dominated the discussion about the basis of the African American vernacular English. These hypotheses are the Creole and Anglicist. Anglicist theory is also referred to as the dialectal hypotheses. The Anglicist hypothesis was set by its proponents during the twentieth century. They argued that the AAVE origin is traceable in the same way that the European English dialects were developed. The proponents of Anglicist hypothesis are of the assumption that the Africans who were taken to America as slaves learned a new language out of need to communicate. The proponents of this hypothesis belief that the Africans slaves learned English that was being spoken by the native English but in the course of learning it they made several mistakes which have been passed through generations. To Anglicist AAVE is bad English, a belief that has been greatly challenged by many linguists. The Africans who had different languages simply learned English and as time went on their languages gradually disappeared, only a few traces of the ancestral languages that were spoken by the African slaves remained. This hypothesis is based on the observation that when a given group of people who speak the same language are separated or diverged they tend to have variation in their speech. Language has been said to be a static and dynamic system a language spoken by a certain community will change since the groups have to continue communicating even when they are drawn apart due to various reasons. One notable example which has been used to explain this hypothesis is the variation which exists between American and the British English, the dialectical variation between these two forms of English has been said to have resulted due to the geographical distance that exist between the users of the two dialects. Isolation of the African Americans in the United States of America during the slavery period is of great importance as far as this hypothesis is concerned. Dialectal or the Anglicist clearly gives the facts on the origin of non Standard English through their unique explanations. Double and multiple negations are some of the examples through which the proponents of the theory state that were taken directly from the traditional forms of speech as the language developed. AAVE is known to have inherited some forms from the ancient traditions while at the same time making some modifications through innovations. To angilict this is what happens when two dialects move apart. Old characteristics feature are kept while at the same time the new ones are brought to the picture. A good example is a point where the AAVE lost the third person singular. Several dialectologists of the twentieth century claimed that AAVE roots can be traced back to the earliest form of the American English dialects. (Bailey, G. 46 1993) Supporters of this hypothesis made an assumption that the Africans Americans slaves learned the different forms of English which were spoken by their masters who were mostly European whites. The Anglicist theory was later challenged by the creolist who noted that the early language circumstances for the descendants from Africa who were subjected to the slavery as totally different from the one experienced by the European immigrants. The creolist focus on the origins of AAVE through assuming that it came from a creole language for example Gullah. They base their argument on the fact that it has the same features as the creoles that are spoken in the Caribbean. To the Creolist the segregation and subordination experienced by the African slaves only Yielded to development of a language which came to be referred to as Creole. This refers to a language that is formed by the groups which do not share a common language. Formation of a Creole is for purely communication purposes. African slaves having come from different language groups needed to communicate among themselves and also had to communicate with their masters. The Creole hypothesis states that AAVE is an outcome of a Creole which is derived from languages spoken in western part of Africa combined with English. African Slaves who mainly spoke different Western African languages were usually put together when they were being taken to their destination. For these people to communicate in some way they came up with a pidgin which was as a result of using English and West African words. This pidgin later passed on to through generations, and as soon as the pidgin became the main language it came to be described as a Creole. Over the years it has come to undergo a process which is known decreolization making it sound like the Standard English. Later it became the primary language of it’s speakers making it to be classified as a Creole. Over the years AAVE has gone through the process of decreolization and is beginning to sound more like Standard English (Bailey, G. 67 1993) Arguments over the early development of AAVE are just as contentious as the debate over its origin. This is partly due to the unavailability of data concerning the language. The one which has been there has been insufficient and unreliable at the same time though there may have been some written information which dates back in the colonial era its reliability is usually doubted therefore linguists being unable to gather much about the development of this dialect. The actual speech of the spoken African American language is not available since recordings were not there until the early years of the twentieth century. Peharps the lack of evidence coupled with the emergence of different schools of thought and hypothesis has made the dialect to be such unique making to attract too much public attention. (Rickford, J. Mufwene, S and Bailey, G, 254 1998) The creolist have continued to argue that the speech of the African Americans has continued to change significantly over the years but the characteristics of the creole language still exist in many other related dialects. African American vernacular English has developed up to the point where it is influencing other dialects. Its growth can be linked to many factors such as the unique position in which the language came about. It has become extremely hard to say exactly which side holds water as far as the origin a development of African American vernacular English is concerned. It has been influenced by the regional context as well as the heritage situation of the language. The debate on the African American Vernacular English will always be an ongoing phenomenon. It will keep on experiencing changes as far as the grammar is concerned. The current findings indicate that as the time goes by the distinctive characteristics of the language will continue to be stronger (Rickford, J. Mufwene, S and Bailey, G, 234 1998) African American vernacular English continue to be popular though at first was regarded as inferior English dialectal due to the historical background it is associated with. The dialect will continue to draw more debates in the years to come as it develops more closely to the Standard English. Perhaps in some years to come it will be the dialect that most of the Americans will be using. The dialect may not get the necessary support to be used in school but the very nature that it touches on a very sensitive issue of race will make many linguists to continue doing more research on it so that they can be able to solve so many questions that have been left unanswered for such a long period. The two theories may have attempted to answer some pertinent issues that have arose but still gaps remain as far as the development of the language is concerned.

Different Beliefs from William Golding and Jean-Jacques...

William Golding and Jean-Jacques Rousseau both have very different beliefs about a man’s naturalistic ability towards others including the society. Rousseau’s view is that a male being is pure, but later ruined by society and its entire entity. Golding’s belief is that a male always has an evil source and/or opening within them and the problem continues to get worse as time evolves. Golding also believes that without a strict series of rules a male being is mentally and naturalistically unstable. Golding displays his belief in his book â€Å"Lord of the Flies† as Rousseau displays his belief in various books of his own liking. Jean Jacques Rousseau was well respected philosopher in the 1700’s who was well respected by many other people. Rousseau’s beliefs are that the male being is corrupted by society itself. In my opinion he is saying that if we didn’t have a strict set of rules and we just let the male being come into our world , th en they would be pure forever. In my opinion, this specific idea frightens me because it seems like he is just trying to make chaos and unstableness. Jean- Jacques Rousseaus had also lived during the enlightenment period. The enlightenment period consisted of new philosophy consisting of sayings, meanings, views, and new economic ideas. Since the period he lived in consisted of a stable good community, perhaps that is why he obtains his philosophy, that the typical male being is truly pure and controlled. William Golding believes that man kindShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy of Rouseau and Lord of the Flies by William Golding666 Words   |  3 Pagesphilosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that people are inherently good. Without civilizations, humans are good beings with empathy, kindness, and well-developed morals. However, he believed that societies corrupt our morals and are what make the change in us to become â€Å"evil† or â€Å"bad†. The author of the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding, however, believed that in a primitive environment, humans are evil. Without a society watching over us, humans will become barbaric brutes. Jean-Jacques RousseauRead MoreLord Of The Flies Character Analysis Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis of Societal Constructs Displayed in LORD â€Å"We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable; that all men are created equal and independent, that from that equal creation they derive rights inherent and inalienable, among which are the preservation of life, and liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. This famous phrase that derives from the Declaration of Independence brought forth notion that of all of humanity is to be acknowledged as equal and are guaranteed rights of life which are toRead MoreLord of the Flies: William Golding and Jean Jacques Rousseau708 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Golding and Jean Jacques Rousseau had very different points of view on society. 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In reasoning on the principles he (Thomas Hobbes) lays down, he ought to have said that the state of nature, being that in which the care for our own preservation is the least prejudicial to that of others, was consequently theRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1789 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Golding utilizes Lord of the Flies to prove that the inherent nature of man is truly savage and cannot be contained by any form of civil government. Characters, setting, atmosphere, and other elements are all used by Golding in the novel as metaphors and symbols to ultimately reveal the natural intention of man. In Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, John Locke’s Concerning Civil Governmen t , and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract, they share their own personal interpretations on man’s inherentRead MoreSouthwest Airlines, Global Positioning System : Humans Is Driven By Competition And The Pressures Of Conflict1800 Words   |  8 Pagesqualities that are often repressed. While the state of nature differs depending on belief, Hobbes believes that in the state of nature humans are aggressive, evil, and will return to primitive behavior. This selfish behavior of humans can be seen through our tendency to look out for ourselves, while our competitiveness can be seen through our desire to constantly be the best. Society has helped humans evolve from hunter-gatherers to functional citizens, yet as soon as society fades, we resort to